Orthognathic Surgery: Past, Present and Perspectives for the future (PART Β΄)

Lazaridis Nikolaos1, Hadjiantoniou Georgios2, Lazaridis Constantinos3, Tilaveridis Ioannis4
 
Laboratory of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

DOI: 10.54936/haoms26524

SUMMARY: Orthognathic surgery encompasses a broad spectrum of surgical procedures aimed at cor- recting dentofacial anomalies. It provides the opportu- nity to address jaw disharmonies and improve functions such as chewing, speech, swallowing, and breathing. Ad- ditionally, it contributes to the relief of musculofascial pain in the face, enhances the functioning of the tem- poromandibular joint (TMJ), and improves facial aesthet- ics. Today, orthognathic surgery has evolved into one of the most «influential» subspecialties within Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
A historical journey into the development of orthogna- thic surgery should undoubtedly focus on the surgeons who performed, introduced, or associated their names with various orthognathic surgery procedures. Describ- ing the development of different surgical techniques with chronological precision is not always a simple task. The majority of orthognathic surgery procedures for repositioning–i.e., repositioning the upper or lower jaw, or both simultaneously–based on the treatment plans devised by both the surgeon and orthodontist, were of- ten conducted nearly simultaneously by surgeons from both sides of the Atlantic (USA and Europe).
Through this article, we attempt to embark on a his- torical journey of 180 years, emphasizing chronological milestones, pioneering surgeons, and intertemporal sur- gical techniques that have left their mark on the evolu- tion of orthognathic surgery.
We define as past of orthognathic surgery the period from 1849, the year of Hullihen’s first surgical procedure in the USA, until 1957, when Obwegeser published his sagittal ramus split osteotomy of the mandible in Europe. The present of orthognathic surgery spans from 1957 to the present day. This period has been dominated by the remarkable presence of the “father of orthognathic surgery,” Professor Obwegeser. In parallel, especially in recent years, with the rapid advancement of technol- ogy, we have seen the emergence of significant digital techniques (e.g., CAD/CAM) that facilitate the work of surgeons.
As for the future of orthognathic surgery, technology will play an even more crucial role in its evolution, de- veloping new opportunities and possibilities in this field.
 
KEY WORDS: Orthognathic surgery, sagittal ramus os- teotomy, bilateral osteotomy, Le Fort osteotomy, seg- mental osteotomies.



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