The management of cranio-maxillofacial trauma during the Greco-Italian war 1940-1941
Anastassios I. MYLONAS, Effie POULAKOU-REBELAKOU, Fotios Ch. TZERBOS, Evangelia Ch. PAPADOPOULOU
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Assoc. Professor F. Ch. Tzerbos), “METROPOLITAN” Hospital, Depart- ment of History and Philosophy of Medicine (Head: Assoc. Professor E. Poulakou-Rebelakou), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “P. D. Marinopoulos” Pharmacy (Head: E. Ch. Papadopoulou)
Hellenic Archives of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (2016) 2, 49-62
SUMMARY: Introduction. During the Greco-Italian war 1940-1941, the survived patients with cranio-maxillofa- cial trauma transferred to various hospitals of Athens, reached almost 200 casualties.
Material and methods. In this retrospective clinical and sta- tistical study of traumatological and historical interest, 78 severely injured men are presented, having been in most of the cases severe cranio-maxillofacial casualties of the Greco-Italian war 1940-1941, who were admitted and treated at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of War Casualties (M.S.D.W.C.) of the “Hellenic Red Cross” Hospital, from November 8, 1940 to June 1, 1944.
Results. The cranio-maxillofacial injuries of the 78 trauma patients included 40 fractures of the middle-third of the facial skeleton (14 patients), 110 fractures of the lower- third (54 patients), and 64 combined fractures of the middle (n=40) and lower-third (n=24) of the facial skele- ton (10 patients). The therapeutic management included closed reduction of maxillary fractures and open reduc- tion of mandibular fractures with either intraoral and ex- traoral approach. Autologous bone grafts from the an- terior iliac crest, the tibia, and the 7th rib, were used for the reconstruction of mandibular osseous defects.
KEY WORDS: Cranio-maxillofacial trauma, Greco-Italian war 1940-1941, “Hellenic Red Cross” Hospital
REFERENCES
Gelbier S: 125 years of developments in dentistry, 1880-2005 Part 7: War and the dental profession. Br Dent J 199:794-798, 2005
Hussey KD: British dental surgery and the First World War: the treat- ment of facial and jaw injuries from the battlefield to the home front. Br Dent J 217:597-600, 2014
Hyson JM, Whitehorne JWA, Greenwood JT: A History of Dentistry in the US Army to World War II. Washington, DC, Office of The Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 2008
Ivy RH, Curtis L: Fractures of the jaws. 2nd ed., Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1938
Makkas M: War injuries and their treatment. (in Greek), Athens, 1918 Kazanjian VH: Treatment of injuries of the upper part of the face. JADA
14:1607-1618, 1927
Martis CS: Medicine from Hipocrates to DNA. (in Greek), Athens, Li- vanis-‘New Frontiers’, 2000
Martis CS, Marti KC, Ragos VN: From Oral to Maxillofacial Surgery (An Historical Epopee). (in Greek), Athens, Odontiatriko Vima, 2012
Mavrogordatos TI, Louridis OA: Maxillofacial Surgery of the War. (in Greek), Athens, 1945
Poswillo DE: The relationship between oral and plastic surgery. Br J Plast Surg 30:74-80, 1977
Rowe NL: The history of the treatment of maxilla-facial trauma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 49:329-349, 1971
Simpson DA, David DJ: World War I: The genesis of craniomaxillofa- cial surgery? ANZ J Surg 74:71-77, 2004
Thoma KH: A historical review of methods advocated for the treatment of jaw fractures, with ten commandments for modern fracture treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 30: c399-c504, 1944 Ward TG: Sir William Kelsey Fry (1889-1963). Br J Surg 53:317, 1966 Warwick JW, Fickling BW: Injuries of the jaws and face. With special reference to war casualties. London, John Bale & Staples Ltd.,
1940
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Assoc. Professor F. Ch. Tzerbos), “METROPOLITAN” Hospital, Depart- ment of History and Philosophy of Medicine (Head: Assoc. Professor E. Poulakou-Rebelakou), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “P. D. Marinopoulos” Pharmacy (Head: E. Ch. Papadopoulou)
Hellenic Archives of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (2016) 2, 49-62
SUMMARY: Introduction. During the Greco-Italian war 1940-1941, the survived patients with cranio-maxillofa- cial trauma transferred to various hospitals of Athens, reached almost 200 casualties.
Material and methods. In this retrospective clinical and sta- tistical study of traumatological and historical interest, 78 severely injured men are presented, having been in most of the cases severe cranio-maxillofacial casualties of the Greco-Italian war 1940-1941, who were admitted and treated at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of War Casualties (M.S.D.W.C.) of the “Hellenic Red Cross” Hospital, from November 8, 1940 to June 1, 1944.
Results. The cranio-maxillofacial injuries of the 78 trauma patients included 40 fractures of the middle-third of the facial skeleton (14 patients), 110 fractures of the lower- third (54 patients), and 64 combined fractures of the middle (n=40) and lower-third (n=24) of the facial skele- ton (10 patients). The therapeutic management included closed reduction of maxillary fractures and open reduc- tion of mandibular fractures with either intraoral and ex- traoral approach. Autologous bone grafts from the an- terior iliac crest, the tibia, and the 7th rib, were used for the reconstruction of mandibular osseous defects.
KEY WORDS: Cranio-maxillofacial trauma, Greco-Italian war 1940-1941, “Hellenic Red Cross” Hospital
REFERENCES
Gelbier S: 125 years of developments in dentistry, 1880-2005 Part 7: War and the dental profession. Br Dent J 199:794-798, 2005
Hussey KD: British dental surgery and the First World War: the treat- ment of facial and jaw injuries from the battlefield to the home front. Br Dent J 217:597-600, 2014
Hyson JM, Whitehorne JWA, Greenwood JT: A History of Dentistry in the US Army to World War II. Washington, DC, Office of The Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 2008
Ivy RH, Curtis L: Fractures of the jaws. 2nd ed., Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1938
Makkas M: War injuries and their treatment. (in Greek), Athens, 1918 Kazanjian VH: Treatment of injuries of the upper part of the face. JADA
14:1607-1618, 1927
Martis CS: Medicine from Hipocrates to DNA. (in Greek), Athens, Li- vanis-‘New Frontiers’, 2000
Martis CS, Marti KC, Ragos VN: From Oral to Maxillofacial Surgery (An Historical Epopee). (in Greek), Athens, Odontiatriko Vima, 2012
Mavrogordatos TI, Louridis OA: Maxillofacial Surgery of the War. (in Greek), Athens, 1945
Poswillo DE: The relationship between oral and plastic surgery. Br J Plast Surg 30:74-80, 1977
Rowe NL: The history of the treatment of maxilla-facial trauma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 49:329-349, 1971
Simpson DA, David DJ: World War I: The genesis of craniomaxillofa- cial surgery? ANZ J Surg 74:71-77, 2004
Thoma KH: A historical review of methods advocated for the treatment of jaw fractures, with ten commandments for modern fracture treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 30: c399-c504, 1944 Ward TG: Sir William Kelsey Fry (1889-1963). Br J Surg 53:317, 1966 Warwick JW, Fickling BW: Injuries of the jaws and face. With special reference to war casualties. London, John Bale & Staples Ltd.,
1940
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