Immediate Placement of Dental Implants in Post-Extraction Sockets: Current Bibliographic Data
Dimitra TRIKKA, Ioannis PAPADIOCHOS, Sophia PAPADIOCHOU, Vassilios PETSINIS
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Evangelismos” General Hospital of Athens, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Head: Prof. N. G. Papadogeorgakis)
Hellenic Archives of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (2017) 2, 57-78
SUMMARY: Introduction: The use of dental implants rep- resents a widely accepted and adequately documented approach for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients. The need of both patients and clinicians for the reduction of total treatment time led to the evolution of al- ternative techniques, such as immediate implant placement (IIP) in fresh extraction sockets.
Materials and methods: After an electronic search in PubMed, published articles up to May 2017, written in English language, were selected for evaluation according to the aforementioned aims.
Results-Discussion: The IIP is a demanding surgical procedure with high survival rates similar to those of conservative implant placement protocol. Compared to the delayed placement, this technique does not seem to be more advantageous in terms of preservation of peri-implant bone and soft tissues.
Conclusions: The clinical applications of immediate implants have yielded immediate and predictable outcomes over long term follow-up periods. However, the treatment plan of IIP should be performed in selected cases and adjustment of all special critical factors.
KEY WORDS: immediate implant placement, immediate dental implants, tooth extraction, extraction socket, dental implants, fresh extraction socket, extraction site
REFERENCES
Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark PI. A 15-year study of os- seointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg 10:387-416, 1981.
Álvarez-Camino JC, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Gay-Escoda C. Immediate implants placed in fresh sockets associated to periapical infectious processes. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 18(5):e780-5, 2013.
Arlin ML. Applications of guided tissue regeneration with dental im- plants. Oral Health 83:23-4, 1994.
Ataullah K, Chee LF, Peng LL, Tho CY, Wei WC, Baig MR. Implant placement in extraction sockets: a short review of the literature and presentation of a series of three cases. J Oral Implantol. 34(2):97-106, 2008.
Becker W, Becker BE, Ricci A, Bahat O, Rosenberg E, Rose LF, Han- delsman M, Israelson H. A prospective multicenter clinical trial comparing one- and two-stage titanium screwshaped fixtures with one-stage plasma-sprayed solid-screw fixtures. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2:159-165, 2000.
Becker W, Goldstein M. Immediate implant placement: treatment plan- ning and surgical steps for successful outcome. Periodontol 2000. 47:79-89, 2008.
Benic GI, Mokti M, Chen CJ, Weber HP, Hämmerle CH, Gallucci GO. Dimensions of buccal bone and mucosa at immediately placed implants after 7 years: a clinical and cone beam computed tomog- raphy study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 23(5):560-6, 2012.
Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry re- ported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. J Clin Periodontol 29(suppl 3):197-212, 2002.
Bernard JP, Schatz JP, Christou P, Belser U, Kiliaridis S. Longterm vertical changes of the anterior maxillary teeth adjacent to single implants in young and mature adults.A retrospective study. J Clin Periodon- tol 31:1024-1028, 2004.
Bhola M, Neely AL, Kolhatkar S. Immediate implant placement: clinical decisions, advantages, and disadvantages. J Prosthodont. 17(7):576-81, 2008.
Block MS, Kent JN. Factors associated with soft- and hard-tissue com- promise of endosseous implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48(11):1153-60, 1990.
Botticelli D, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Hard-tissue alterations following im- mediate implant placement in extraction sites. J Clin Periodontol. 31:820-828, 2004.
Branemark PI, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue-integrated prosthesis: osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence, 1985.
Chen S, Buser D. Implants in post-extraction sites: A literature update. In: Buser D, Belser U, Wismeijer D (eds). ITI Treatment Guide.Vol 3: Implants in extraction sockets. Berlin: Quintessence, 2008.
Chen ST, Buser D. Clinical and esthetic outcomes of implants placed in postextraction sites. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 24 Suppl:186- 217, 2009.
Clementini M, Tiravia L, De Risi V, Vittorini Orgeas G, Mannocci A, de Sanctis M. Dimensional changes after immediate implant place- ment with or without simultaneous regenerative procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 42(7):666- 77, 2015.
De Oliveira-Neto OB, Barbosa FT, De Sousa-Rodrigues CF, De Lima FJC. Quality assessment of systematic reviews regarding immedi- ate placement of dental implants into infected sites: An overview. J Prosthet Dent. 117(5):601-605, 2017.
Denissen HW, Kalk W, Veldhuis HA, et al. Anatomic consideration for preventive implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 8(2):191-6, 1993.
Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Coulthard P,Thomsen P,Worthington HV.A 5-year follow-up comparative analysis of the efficacy of various osseointegrated dental implant systems: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 20:557-568, 2005.
Esposito MA, Koukoulopoulou A, Coulthard P, Worthington HV. In- terventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in fresh extraction sockets (immediate, immediate-delayed and delayed implants). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD005968, 2006.
Evans CD, Chen ST. Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant place- ments. Clin Oral Implants Res. 19:73-80, 2008.
Froum SJ. Immediate placement of implants into extraction sockets: rationale, outcomes, technique. Alpha Omegan. 98(2):20-35, 2005. García B, Boronat A, Larrazabal C, Peñarrocha M, Peñarrocha M. Im- mediate implants after the removal of maxillary impacted canines:
a clinical series of nine patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 24(2):348-352, 2009.
Gomez-Roman G, Kruppenbacher M, Weber H, Schulte W. Immedi- ate postextraction implant placement with root-analog stepped implants: Surgical procedure and statistical outcome after 6 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 16:503-513, 2001.
Gomez-Roman G, Schulte W, d’Hoedt B, Axman-Krcmar D. The Fri- alit-2 implant system: Five-year clinical experience in single-tooth and immediately postextraction applications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 123:299-309, 1997.
Grunder U, Polizzi G, Goene R, et al. A 3-year prospective multicenter follow-up report on the immediate and delayed-immediate place- ment of implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 14(2):210-6, 1999. Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of im- plants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants.
19(suppl):26-28, 2004.
Hämmerle CH, Lang NP. Single stage surgery combining transmucosal implant placement with guided bone regeneration and biore- sorbable materials.Clin Oral Implants Res 12:9-18, 2001.
Iasella JM, Greenwell H, Miller RL, et al. Ridge preservation with freeze- dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane compared to ex- traction alone for implant site development: a clinical and histo- logic study in humans. J Periodontol 74(7):990-9, 2003.
Johnson K. A study of the dimensional changes occuring in the maxilla after tooth extraction. Part I: normal healing. Aust Dent J 8:428- 34, 1963.
Johnson K. A study of the dimensional changes occurring in the maxilla following closed face immediate denture treatment. Aust Dent J 14(6):370-6, 1969.
Juodzbalys G, Sakavicius D, Wang HL. Classification of extraction sock- ets based upon soft and hard tissue components. J Periodontol. 79(3):413-24, 2008.
Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Umezu K, et al. Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: An evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in hu- mans. J Periodontol. 74:557-562, 2003.
Kinaia BM, Shah M, Neely AL, Goodis HE. Crestal bone level changes around immediately placed implants: a systematic review and meta-analyses with at least 12 months' follow-up after functional loading. J Periodontol. 85(11):1537-48, 2014.
Klokkevold PR. Localized bone augmentation and implant site devel- opment, In: Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA, Clinical Periodontology, 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier 2006, pp. 1141-1147.
Koh RU, Rudek I, Wang HL. Immediate implant placement: positives and negatives.Implant Dent. 19(2):98-108, 2010.
Kois JC. Predictable single tooth peri-implant esthetics: Five diag- nostic keys. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 22:199-206, 2001.
Lam RV. Contour changes of the alveolar process following extraction.
Aust Dent J 14:241-4, 1969.
Lazzara RJ. Immediate implant placement into extraction sites. Surgical and restorative advantages. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 9:333-339, 1989.
Lee CT, Chiu TS, Chuang SK, Tarnow D, Stoupel J. Alterations of the bone dimension following immediate implant placement into ex- traction socket: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Peri- odontol. 41(9):914-26, 2014.
Lovdahl P. Endodontic retreatment. Dent Clin North Am 36:473-490, 1992.
Masaki C, Nakamoto T, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Hosokawa R. Strategies for alveolar ridge reconstruction and preservation for implant therapy. J Prosthodont Res. 59(4):220-8, 2015.
Mayfield LJA. Immediate, delayed and late submerged and transmu- cosal implants. In: Lindhe J (ed). Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology: Implant Dentistry. Berlin: Quintes- senz, 1999:520–534.
Mello CC, Lemos CAA, Verri FR, Dos Santos DM, Goiato MC, Pel- lizzer EP. Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sock- ets versus delayed implants into healed sockets: A systematic re- view and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 May 3 pii: S0901-5027(17)31361-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.016. [Epub ahead of print].
Misch CE, Suzuki JB. Tooth extraction, socket grafting, and barrier membrane bone regeneration. In: Misch CE. Contemporary Im- plant Dentistry. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2007:870-874.
Missika P, Abbou M, Rahal B. Osseous regeneration in immediate pos- textraction implant placement: a literature review and clinical evalu- ation. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 9(2):165-75, 1997.
Moy PK, Nishimura GH, Pozzi A, Danda AK. Single implants in dorsal areas - A systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantol. 9 (Suppl 1): S163-72, 2016.
Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z, Moses O, et al. Healing of marginal defects at implants placed in fresh extraction sockets or after 4–6 weeks of healing. A comparative study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 13:410-419, 2002.
Palmer PJ, Baker P. Immediate and early replacement implants and restorations. Palmer RM, Dent Update. 33(5):262-4, 266-8, 2006.
Parel SM, Triplett RG. Immediate fixture placement: a treatment plan- ning alternative. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 5(4):337-345, 1990. Penarrocha M, Uribe R, Balaguer J. Immediate implants after extraction. A review of the current situation.Med Oral 9:234-242, 2004.
Pjetursson BE,Tan K, Lang NP, Bragger U, Egger M, Zwahlen M. A sys- tematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed par- tial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years.Clin Oral Implants Res 15:625-642, 2004.
Polizzi G, Grunder U, Goene R, et al. Immediate and delayed implant placement into extraction sockets: a 5-year report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2(2):93-9, 2000.
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Watzek G, Haider R, Mensdorff-Pouilly N, et al. Immediate and delayed implantation for complete restoration of the jaw following extrac- tion of all residual teeth: a retrospective study comparing different types of serial immediate implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Im- plants 10(5):561-7, 1995.
Werbitt MJ, Goldberg PV. The immediate implant: bone preservation and bone regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 12(3):206-17, 1992.
Wilson TG Jr, Schenk R, Buser D, et al. Implants placed in immediate extraction sites: a report of histologic and histometric analyses of human biopsies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 13(3):333-41, 1998.
Wilson TG Jr. Guided tissue regeneration around dental implants in immediate and recent extraction sites: initial observations. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 12(3):185-93, 1992.
Wilson TG, Weber HP. Classification of and therapy for areas of de- ficient bony housing prior to dental implant placement. Int J Peri- odontics Restorative Dent 13:451-459, 1993.
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Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Evangelismos” General Hospital of Athens, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Head: Prof. N. G. Papadogeorgakis)
Hellenic Archives of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (2017) 2, 57-78
SUMMARY: Introduction: The use of dental implants rep- resents a widely accepted and adequately documented approach for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients. The need of both patients and clinicians for the reduction of total treatment time led to the evolution of al- ternative techniques, such as immediate implant placement (IIP) in fresh extraction sockets.
Materials and methods: After an electronic search in PubMed, published articles up to May 2017, written in English language, were selected for evaluation according to the aforementioned aims.
Results-Discussion: The IIP is a demanding surgical procedure with high survival rates similar to those of conservative implant placement protocol. Compared to the delayed placement, this technique does not seem to be more advantageous in terms of preservation of peri-implant bone and soft tissues.
Conclusions: The clinical applications of immediate implants have yielded immediate and predictable outcomes over long term follow-up periods. However, the treatment plan of IIP should be performed in selected cases and adjustment of all special critical factors.
KEY WORDS: immediate implant placement, immediate dental implants, tooth extraction, extraction socket, dental implants, fresh extraction socket, extraction site
REFERENCES
Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark PI. A 15-year study of os- seointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg 10:387-416, 1981.
Álvarez-Camino JC, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Gay-Escoda C. Immediate implants placed in fresh sockets associated to periapical infectious processes. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 18(5):e780-5, 2013.
Arlin ML. Applications of guided tissue regeneration with dental im- plants. Oral Health 83:23-4, 1994.
Ataullah K, Chee LF, Peng LL, Tho CY, Wei WC, Baig MR. Implant placement in extraction sockets: a short review of the literature and presentation of a series of three cases. J Oral Implantol. 34(2):97-106, 2008.
Becker W, Becker BE, Ricci A, Bahat O, Rosenberg E, Rose LF, Han- delsman M, Israelson H. A prospective multicenter clinical trial comparing one- and two-stage titanium screwshaped fixtures with one-stage plasma-sprayed solid-screw fixtures. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2:159-165, 2000.
Becker W, Goldstein M. Immediate implant placement: treatment plan- ning and surgical steps for successful outcome. Periodontol 2000. 47:79-89, 2008.
Benic GI, Mokti M, Chen CJ, Weber HP, Hämmerle CH, Gallucci GO. Dimensions of buccal bone and mucosa at immediately placed implants after 7 years: a clinical and cone beam computed tomog- raphy study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 23(5):560-6, 2012.
Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry re- ported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. J Clin Periodontol 29(suppl 3):197-212, 2002.
Bernard JP, Schatz JP, Christou P, Belser U, Kiliaridis S. Longterm vertical changes of the anterior maxillary teeth adjacent to single implants in young and mature adults.A retrospective study. J Clin Periodon- tol 31:1024-1028, 2004.
Bhola M, Neely AL, Kolhatkar S. Immediate implant placement: clinical decisions, advantages, and disadvantages. J Prosthodont. 17(7):576-81, 2008.
Block MS, Kent JN. Factors associated with soft- and hard-tissue com- promise of endosseous implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48(11):1153-60, 1990.
Botticelli D, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Hard-tissue alterations following im- mediate implant placement in extraction sites. J Clin Periodontol. 31:820-828, 2004.
Branemark PI, Zarb G, Albrektsson T. Tissue-integrated prosthesis: osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence, 1985.
Chen S, Buser D. Implants in post-extraction sites: A literature update. In: Buser D, Belser U, Wismeijer D (eds). ITI Treatment Guide.Vol 3: Implants in extraction sockets. Berlin: Quintessence, 2008.
Chen ST, Buser D. Clinical and esthetic outcomes of implants placed in postextraction sites. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 24 Suppl:186- 217, 2009.
Clementini M, Tiravia L, De Risi V, Vittorini Orgeas G, Mannocci A, de Sanctis M. Dimensional changes after immediate implant place- ment with or without simultaneous regenerative procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 42(7):666- 77, 2015.
De Oliveira-Neto OB, Barbosa FT, De Sousa-Rodrigues CF, De Lima FJC. Quality assessment of systematic reviews regarding immedi- ate placement of dental implants into infected sites: An overview. J Prosthet Dent. 117(5):601-605, 2017.
Denissen HW, Kalk W, Veldhuis HA, et al. Anatomic consideration for preventive implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 8(2):191-6, 1993.
Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Coulthard P,Thomsen P,Worthington HV.A 5-year follow-up comparative analysis of the efficacy of various osseointegrated dental implant systems: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 20:557-568, 2005.
Esposito MA, Koukoulopoulou A, Coulthard P, Worthington HV. In- terventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in fresh extraction sockets (immediate, immediate-delayed and delayed implants). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD005968, 2006.
Evans CD, Chen ST. Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant place- ments. Clin Oral Implants Res. 19:73-80, 2008.
Froum SJ. Immediate placement of implants into extraction sockets: rationale, outcomes, technique. Alpha Omegan. 98(2):20-35, 2005. García B, Boronat A, Larrazabal C, Peñarrocha M, Peñarrocha M. Im- mediate implants after the removal of maxillary impacted canines:
a clinical series of nine patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 24(2):348-352, 2009.
Gomez-Roman G, Kruppenbacher M, Weber H, Schulte W. Immedi- ate postextraction implant placement with root-analog stepped implants: Surgical procedure and statistical outcome after 6 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 16:503-513, 2001.
Gomez-Roman G, Schulte W, d’Hoedt B, Axman-Krcmar D. The Fri- alit-2 implant system: Five-year clinical experience in single-tooth and immediately postextraction applications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 123:299-309, 1997.
Grunder U, Polizzi G, Goene R, et al. A 3-year prospective multicenter follow-up report on the immediate and delayed-immediate place- ment of implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 14(2):210-6, 1999. Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG Jr. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of im- plants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants.
19(suppl):26-28, 2004.
Hämmerle CH, Lang NP. Single stage surgery combining transmucosal implant placement with guided bone regeneration and biore- sorbable materials.Clin Oral Implants Res 12:9-18, 2001.
Iasella JM, Greenwell H, Miller RL, et al. Ridge preservation with freeze- dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane compared to ex- traction alone for implant site development: a clinical and histo- logic study in humans. J Periodontol 74(7):990-9, 2003.
Johnson K. A study of the dimensional changes occuring in the maxilla after tooth extraction. Part I: normal healing. Aust Dent J 8:428- 34, 1963.
Johnson K. A study of the dimensional changes occurring in the maxilla following closed face immediate denture treatment. Aust Dent J 14(6):370-6, 1969.
Juodzbalys G, Sakavicius D, Wang HL. Classification of extraction sock- ets based upon soft and hard tissue components. J Periodontol. 79(3):413-24, 2008.
Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Umezu K, et al. Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: An evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in hu- mans. J Periodontol. 74:557-562, 2003.
Kinaia BM, Shah M, Neely AL, Goodis HE. Crestal bone level changes around immediately placed implants: a systematic review and meta-analyses with at least 12 months' follow-up after functional loading. J Periodontol. 85(11):1537-48, 2014.
Klokkevold PR. Localized bone augmentation and implant site devel- opment, In: Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA, Clinical Periodontology, 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier 2006, pp. 1141-1147.
Koh RU, Rudek I, Wang HL. Immediate implant placement: positives and negatives.Implant Dent. 19(2):98-108, 2010.
Kois JC. Predictable single tooth peri-implant esthetics: Five diag- nostic keys. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 22:199-206, 2001.
Lam RV. Contour changes of the alveolar process following extraction.
Aust Dent J 14:241-4, 1969.
Lazzara RJ. Immediate implant placement into extraction sites. Surgical and restorative advantages. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 9:333-339, 1989.
Lee CT, Chiu TS, Chuang SK, Tarnow D, Stoupel J. Alterations of the bone dimension following immediate implant placement into ex- traction socket: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Peri- odontol. 41(9):914-26, 2014.
Lovdahl P. Endodontic retreatment. Dent Clin North Am 36:473-490, 1992.
Masaki C, Nakamoto T, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Hosokawa R. Strategies for alveolar ridge reconstruction and preservation for implant therapy. J Prosthodont Res. 59(4):220-8, 2015.
Mayfield LJA. Immediate, delayed and late submerged and transmu- cosal implants. In: Lindhe J (ed). Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology: Implant Dentistry. Berlin: Quintes- senz, 1999:520–534.
Mello CC, Lemos CAA, Verri FR, Dos Santos DM, Goiato MC, Pel- lizzer EP. Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sock- ets versus delayed implants into healed sockets: A systematic re- view and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 May 3 pii: S0901-5027(17)31361-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.016. [Epub ahead of print].
Misch CE, Suzuki JB. Tooth extraction, socket grafting, and barrier membrane bone regeneration. In: Misch CE. Contemporary Im- plant Dentistry. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2007:870-874.
Missika P, Abbou M, Rahal B. Osseous regeneration in immediate pos- textraction implant placement: a literature review and clinical evalu- ation. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 9(2):165-75, 1997.
Moy PK, Nishimura GH, Pozzi A, Danda AK. Single implants in dorsal areas - A systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantol. 9 (Suppl 1): S163-72, 2016.
Nemcovsky CE, Artzi Z, Moses O, et al. Healing of marginal defects at implants placed in fresh extraction sockets or after 4–6 weeks of healing. A comparative study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 13:410-419, 2002.
Palmer PJ, Baker P. Immediate and early replacement implants and restorations. Palmer RM, Dent Update. 33(5):262-4, 266-8, 2006.
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