VALIDATION AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF A PORTABLE DIGITAL STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY DEVICE FOR 3D FACIAL IMAGING
Authors:
Andreas Artopoulos
Affiliation:
Director, Ex Machina 3D Medical Modeling Ltd, Limassol, Cyprus
Doi: 10.54936/haoms242p52
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: To present the findings of laboratory testing, our imaging protocol and our clinical experience over a 10 year period of using two generations of a portable digital stereophotogrammetry 3D facial imaging device in maxillofacial applications.
Materials and Methods: Laboratory validation of a portable, single camera digital stereophotogrammetry device (Vectra H1, Canfield 3D, USA) was carried out to assess its accuracy and precision of imaging anatomical models of the face in ideal conditions. Further laboratory testing was carried out to develop a clinical imaging protocol aiming to minimize imaging and registration errors and ensure comparable results. The portable device was then compared to more expensive, fixed imaging systems utilizing multi-camera setups. Clinical cases are presented to demonstrate how the device can be used for virtual planning and soft tissue simulation in orthognathic surgery, cosmetic facial procedures and prosthodontic procedures.
Results: Mean surface imaging error during laboratory validation of the Vectra H1 was below 1mm at 95% and below 0.5mm at 74% of the measured points comprising the surface areas captured. Mean surface deviations in repeatability testing were below 0.1mm.
The 3D data acquired with Vectra H1 were comparable in terms of accuracy of surface reproduction and repeatability to data acquired with fixed multi-camera facial imaging systems (3dMDFace, 3dMD LLC, USA and Di3D, Dimensional Imaging, UK). However, data processing took longer due to the need to align, register and merge multiple images when using the portable Vectra H1 device to capture the whole face. Clinical application of the 2nd generation of the portable device (Vectra H2) in daily practice assists in virtual surgical planning, monitoring and comparisons between pre-operative and post-operative data, record keeping, patient consultations and consent procedures.
Conclusions: The portable 3D digital stereophotogrammetry device can be used in maxillofacial applications instead of more expensive and bulkier multi-camera imaging systems.
KEY WORDS: 3D facial imaging, face scanner, digital stereophotogrammetry, Vectra 3D
Authors:
Andreas Artopoulos
Affiliation:
Director, Ex Machina 3D Medical Modeling Ltd, Limassol, Cyprus
Doi: 10.54936/haoms242p52
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: To present the findings of laboratory testing, our imaging protocol and our clinical experience over a 10 year period of using two generations of a portable digital stereophotogrammetry 3D facial imaging device in maxillofacial applications.
Materials and Methods: Laboratory validation of a portable, single camera digital stereophotogrammetry device (Vectra H1, Canfield 3D, USA) was carried out to assess its accuracy and precision of imaging anatomical models of the face in ideal conditions. Further laboratory testing was carried out to develop a clinical imaging protocol aiming to minimize imaging and registration errors and ensure comparable results. The portable device was then compared to more expensive, fixed imaging systems utilizing multi-camera setups. Clinical cases are presented to demonstrate how the device can be used for virtual planning and soft tissue simulation in orthognathic surgery, cosmetic facial procedures and prosthodontic procedures.
Results: Mean surface imaging error during laboratory validation of the Vectra H1 was below 1mm at 95% and below 0.5mm at 74% of the measured points comprising the surface areas captured. Mean surface deviations in repeatability testing were below 0.1mm.
The 3D data acquired with Vectra H1 were comparable in terms of accuracy of surface reproduction and repeatability to data acquired with fixed multi-camera facial imaging systems (3dMDFace, 3dMD LLC, USA and Di3D, Dimensional Imaging, UK). However, data processing took longer due to the need to align, register and merge multiple images when using the portable Vectra H1 device to capture the whole face. Clinical application of the 2nd generation of the portable device (Vectra H2) in daily practice assists in virtual surgical planning, monitoring and comparisons between pre-operative and post-operative data, record keeping, patient consultations and consent procedures.
Conclusions: The portable 3D digital stereophotogrammetry device can be used in maxillofacial applications instead of more expensive and bulkier multi-camera imaging systems.
KEY WORDS: 3D facial imaging, face scanner, digital stereophotogrammetry, Vectra 3D